Membrane Charge Oscillations During Ultrasonic Neuromodulation by Intramembrane Cavitation

Objective: To investigate the importance of membrane charge oscillations and redistribution in multi-compartmental ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) intramembrane cavitation models. Methods: The Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation Excitation (NICE) model multiScale Optimized (SONIC) UNMOD are compared for a nanoscale point neuron approximation bilayer sonophore surrounding proteins. temporal dynamics their effect on resulting voltage investigated by fourier series analysis. Results: Comparison excitation thresholds neuronal response between models, implemented SONIC NICE framework, demonstrates that explicit modeling fast spatial is critical an accurate UNMOD-model. Furthermore, partial protein coverage quantified excitability thresholds. Subsequently, we establish analysis these slowly changing time. Conclusion: Fast significantly alters Also mutual exclusivity should be taken into account, when simulating dependency fractions. Charge periodic components change slow timescale. decrease energy with overtone number, implying extension existing multiscale to neurons possible taking account limited number components. Significance: First steps towards morphologically realistic computationally efficient UNMOD-model, improving our understanding underlying mechanisms.